There is a rapid increase in strength especially in boys.They tend to be robust acting and noise .By age of 10-13 there is better co-ordination and skills are becoming automatic in most children.
Some girls begin menstruating ,developing breasts and pubic hairs around 10 years and above.Around this age these girls show increase in concern for their complexion ,appearance and figure.They begin to develop skills in sports as they have imaginery and romantic attachment.
Social Development/Fitness
It relates to a man's relationship with others .There are many opportunities in physical Education for the satisfication of social needs of children.The formation of groups and teams in games would require co-operation of the members to reach the desired goals ,for instances soccer or netball.
There is development of sportsmanship which means being humble in success (victory) and being gracious in defeat by considering credit points to an opponent.
Peer activities equip pupils with skills and knowledge .They will use to persue leisure time activities and for recreation purposes.For this purpose ,many sports that have a carryover value should be taught in elementary schools.These sports can also enjoyed by adults which are soccer,netball,tennis,cricket,basketball etc fanatics.
Knowledge of skills and rules in this sports will also make pupils appreciate the performance of those who are experts in their area,and become intelligent spectators of a broad sports events and activities in life or when persued in various media -fora.
Anold (1970) says physical Education is an intergral part of the education process which enhances and harmonises the physical ,intellectuall,social ,emotional and moral aspects of an individual's personality through physical activity.
Stanley(1977) adds that physical Education is learning through the physical activity of altheletic nature as well as the learning of physical in general. It is the curriculum that is followed in the school gymnasium and the school play grounds.
According to Jewet and Nixon(1988)physical Education seeks to develop an individual totally ,that is physically ,socially ,morally ,emotionally through activities of an atheletic in nature.
Emotional Development relate to the feelings of worth and basics of security .There are emotional needs for recognition .belonging ,feelings of hostility ,agression .physical Education contributes greatly in meeting all these emotional needs through participation in a number of activities ,a timid child learns to take part with others and his/her self esteem is enhanced.
The bold and selfish child learns that one can not monopolise opportunity .The neglected child gains the respect of others through some particular skills which s/he can exhibit.
The feelings of anger ,hostility can be satisfactorilly expressed through kicking a ball, running a race or bushing a squash ball.
Structure of Youth Games in Zimbabwe
All schools in Zimbabwe are sanctioned by the policy of Ministry of Education Sports ,Arts and Culture to ensure that every child gets the opportunity to learn physical Education ,above all schools are supervised by Better School Programme of Zimbabwe (BSPZ)to get a child's right to participate in interschool sports competitions.The National Association of Primary Heads(NAPH)conduct sports for primary schools while on secondary schools administered by National Association for Secondary School Heads(NASH).
Competitions start at school level where children are grouped in houses or clubs and then compete in interhouses competitions within the schools.
After the schools interhouse/club competitions ,teachers together with interested local persons select the best talented children who will going to participate with others from the local schools in the cluster commpetitions.
From the cluster the most excelling successful children compete in districts competition ,then province ,national and very few got the golden opportunity to compete internationally.
Sports Management and Co-ordination
The competitions are co-ordinated from cluster competitions up to international level by co-ordinators who work with teachers in managing sports generally and updating file competitions.
However there is much need for improvement in developing schools sports for the 13,15 and 17 years age groups to make the development programme much effective.These include:
Writing information ,working with media houses in every cluster ,district and province.Keeping game notes and magazines or having website to post their activities.
Seeking sponsorship from cluster level and fundraising commitee that will effectively work with sponsors ,media, public and promoting sports whilst giving incentives.
Make a government policy to ensure that those children who excel in sports and can be marketable to sports clubs, regional and international clubs have a share to develop their areas of origin for improvements in local sports sector.
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