Children learn language for the purpose of developing communicative skills.Sometimes they learn foreign language as second language inorder to understand other foreign cultures.
Wilkinson (1971)puts Language is a purely human and non instinctive method of communicating ideas ,emotions and desires by means of system of voluntarily produced symbols.It is primary system of agreed signs ,but these differs from animal noises in that they are non-instinctive. Language uses sounds and symbols ,for instance 'tea~cher'. The sounds of letters are combined into words ,for example 'boy,girl,tin,food etc'.
Words symbolise objects ,process etc. Then the words combined together systematically to make up a language. Please note that animals make noises which are 'agreed sounds' in the sense that they know as though call and then react to them.
Human beings also make instinctive noises ,for example a grant screaming, but these are expressions of emotions and they aren't symbols for them. More so these human beings are uniquely different from animals in that they have the outstanding capacity to produce sounds that signify certain meanings to understand and interpret the different novel sounds produced by other human beings.
The origins of language traces back in the man's history when raised from the animal kingdom through his complexity and manifested brain which tricked to labour and exploit nature ,not invent but able to hold and make fire as it occurred in lightning ,volcanoes,hot temperatures in mountains and other natural occurance of fire. This helped much to satisfy his needs with this development through intensification of his labour man co-operated and came to live in settlements and the society brought about language. Human beings began to communicate to each other for social matters and psychological needs.
Communication is the situation of exchanging information through the process of encoding and decoding messages. The situation requires the speaker and the listener, or the sender and the receiver. The meaning is communicated through speech ,sounds hearing (auditory) and sense of sight(visual) which is used for reading symbols. There can be communication breakdown in the form of language barriers ,thus failure to interpret symbols and sounds.
The communication is reciped by gestures,facial expressions,,body posture,signs,signals,whistles,melodies,vocabulary and many others.
When man mastered the art of writing skills communication extended to be in the written of symbols for the purpose of keeping permanent records for communication. Every society should have strategies of teaching its children the skill of writing for communication.
Composition is a planned arrangement and development of ideas and expressions to make a single entity,that's introduction ,body and conclusion. Sentences are organised into paragraphs and these whole essays are constructed. There are different types of compositions: narrative,descriptive,argumentative ,dialogue,pictorial or diagram.
Narrative composition is a story or events written with the intention to entertain the reader for leisure,facts or create interests through contents that is noted in a vocabulary full of meaning that employs different sense so as to create pictures in the reader 's mind and capture his imagination. Through good grammar , writing is meant to communicate, if the grammar is so bad the writer fail to communicate.
Major aspects of composition is to give the background to the story. The writer should show causes of the story ,for example conflicts or struggle.Creation of suspenses and characters roled should be realistic, whilst the plot should be clear events according to causes and effects.
Argumentative is in which the writer arisen to the conclusion by reasoning to persuade the reader to believe in a reasonable stance. Points should be well explained or well connected to the argument posed by the question. Examples might be used extensively and balance the argument.Conclusion is a must and it should be based on the facts presented in the body.
Descriptive composition is to make the reader who doesn't get to know something or to satisfy someone that you know what you are writing about. Readers must get the information they require and carefully presented on what exactly they should get.The writer can use adjectives and similarities extensively.
Compositions can be given to the pupils as controlled,guided or creative depending on the cognitive level of the learners. Controlled in the early stage is right and should be maintained because ,if writing on a specific topic freely they will produce a lot of errors. Giving pupils the content and expression will enable them to make use of language skills they may possess.
Bibliography
Aitchison, J.(1993)Teach yourself linguistics.
Brune, D.(1979)Teaching writing skills.
Burton, S.H.(1982)Mastering English language.
Owen ,R(1984)Language Development:An Introduction.
Sprosty, L.(1995)Teaching language arts.
Wilkinson, A.(1971)The Foundation of language.
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