Home Causes of Retardation Socio-economic and Political background has impact on Children's Academic development

The home is the first to model a child's personality and aspirations.When the child
is from poor family,where parents don't have good source of income the wellbeing of the child is adversely affected.
Generally majority of children in rural areas and high density suburbs in urban
areas are from families which struggle to have basic necessities,good shelter ,and lack conducive living standard of living in general.These frequently resulted in unstable home .Instability cause by lack of resources in the home can cause emotional disturbance and deliquency in children and could inhibit their learning in the classroom situation at school.Some of the social problems such as prostitution ,divorce ,unemployment and crimes they do not promote children's moral development. A child who grown up in such environment can be affected emotionally especially when there is violence in the home.
A point to note here is socio-economy and political instability are likely to affect the child' s wellbing in learning and moral development.
Poverty ,inadequate care and sensory deprivation:Poverty can in most cases associated with retardation ,although we realised that not all children from poor families are disadvantaged.Infact handicapped children can also be found found in very rich families.
Poverty is not necessarily a cause of retardation ,but it is likely to do so because of some of its adverse effects on children's development .It can deprive child 's needs for development like health and wellbeing.
Poor parents are hardly to provide their children with enough well balanced nutritious foods.Chilldren who suffer from malnutrition the world over are listless and apathetic. They are living a miserable life in actual fact and oftenly prefer sedentary activities.
A malnutrition victim child is irritable ,unpredictable ,undependable and nervous. Furthermore, malnutrition can affect intellectual capabilities if it occurs during infancy. If it occurs at a later age the learning abilities are likely to suffer detrimental consequences.
The affected children in most case might lack concentration during lessons,being depressed and sorrow.Therefore the malnutrition can heavily contribute to retardation problem in children.The other negative effect of poverty which is likely to affect a child's performance in education is over crowding , as it impede a child's progress in education.
An over- crowed home is rare to find an open room specifically designated for children's learning and playing activities. A child will have problems of comfortably doing homework.In some cases ,over -crowding deprives the opportunity for reading and playing constructive indoor games as well as electronic games which had proved to have more benefits than setbacks if played propery.
Sensory Deprivation realised children like gifted. They possess senses which help them to do something these senses are sight,hearing,tasting ,touching and smelling.These senses are attached the mind where the knowledge acquired is stored.
Depriving senses cause retardation in a child. They perceive through their senses their environment like all of us. Perception is given a meaning through learning experiences . Learning experiences shapes consciousness .Travers in Gibson (1976:146)says,"Even a new born infant can sense the qualities of objects and structures in his environment to a limited degree ,but the ability to attach meaning to these sensations depends on experience."
Therefore a home environment should offer a variety of objects like pictures ,toys computers,electronic games and books. It is the responsibility of parents to provide all
this materials to their children.Teachers also should advise parents during their open days visits to buy additional learnig aids children can use at home to promote learning anywhere such that children developed the sense of learning at any place and any environment not necessarily in the classroom at school alone. A child 's early concept development is mainly guided by concrete experiences.The concepts a child learns first depends on the learning opportunities provided by the family environment and later the community which includes the school.
Most of the children are hardly to find things at their homes which help them to develop concepts like TV,radios,computers ,newspapers and other educational magazines.
The state of affairs existing in most homes especially in remote rural places requires the helping hand of the charity organisations and generous people to assist them.Otherwise they are likely to suffer from sensory deprivation.
Parential attitudes also has a significant influence on their children's social development . If parents believed in disciplinary actions with application of corpral punishment ,the child is likely to feel constantly threatened. In most case this parents don't talk with their children ,let alone to supervise and guide them in having correct habits.The parent /child relationship might produce an aggressive ,hostile,cloak and destructive child.Parents who are punishment -oriented and have low expectations of the child . The child develops a sense of low self-esteem .This child is likely to put less efforts in school work. A low self-esteem children are likely to withdraw from challenging tasks rather than facing disapproval.